![]() ![]() These cases are classified as essential hypertension. In about 95 percent of cases, the cause of hypertension is unknown. In rare cases, dangerously high blood pressure can cause severe headaches, confusion, shortness of breath, chest pain, or nosebleeds. Problems with blood flow in the arteries of the eyes can lead to vision loss. Damage to blood vessels in the kidneys impairs their ability to filter waste and remove fluid, leading to kidney failure. Another type of stroke, called a hemorrhagic stroke, can occur when a weakened blood vessel in the brain bursts. In addition, damage to the arteries increases the risk of blood clots that block the flow of blood to the heart, causing a heart attack, or to the brain, causing a type of stroke known as an ischemic stroke. Damage to the heart caused by the extra work and a lack of oxygen causes heart disease. As a result, the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart and other organs is reduced. The extra work thickens the muscles of the heart and arteries and hardens or damages artery walls. When blood pressure is elevated, the heart and arteries have to work harder than normal to pump blood through the body. However, hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and eye problems. Hypertension usually has no symptoms, and many affected individuals do not know they have the condition. ![]() Blood pressure is considered high when the measurement is 130/80 mmHg or greater. In adults, a normal blood pressure measurement is about 120/80 mmHg. The top number in a blood pressure reading is the pressure when the heart pumps (systolic blood pressure), and the bottom number is the pressure between heart beats (diastolic blood pressure). The strength of the blood pushing against the artery walls is blood pressure, which is measured in units called millimeters of mercury (mmHg). As the heart beats, it forces blood through the arteries to deliver nutrients and oxygen to the rest of the body. ![]() Hypertension is abnormally high blood pressure in the arteries, which are the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body. ![]()
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